Geography
West Sumatra resides in west middle island Sumatera broadly 42.297,30 kms² . This Province haves lowland on shore west, and plateau vulkanik that formed Mountain range that spread out northwesterly to south-east. Archipelago Mentawai that located in indian ocean included in this province. Coastline of entirely West Sumatra comes into contact with indian ocean as long as 375 kms.
Lake that reside in West Sumatra is Maninjau (99,5 kms²), Singkarak (130,1 kms²), Above (31,5 kms²), Dibawah (Dibaruh) (14,0 kms²), Roof-gutter (5,0 kms²)
Some great rivers in island Sumatera in this province, that is Sungai Siak, River Rokan, River Inderagiri (conceived of Batang Kuantan in its pate;upstream part), River Kampar and Batang Hari. All this rivers on shore east Sumatera, in province Riau and Jambi.
That on shore west. Among others is Batang Anai, Bar Arau, and Batang Tarusan.
In West Sumatra is Marapi (2.891 m), Sago (2.271 m), Singgalang (2.877 m), Tandikat (2.438 m), Talakmau (2.912 m), Roof-gutter (2.572 m).
Variety involves
West Sumatra is one of province in rich Indonesia with variety source involve. A large part of regions its still is forest experiences of and protected.
In tropical forest in West Sumatra can be met various of rareness specieses, for example: Rafflesia arnoldii (biggest flower in the world), Tiger Sumatra, ape, tapir, deer, bear, and kinds of bird and butterfly.
There is two National parks in this province: National park Siberut that existed in Pulau Siberut (Sub-province Mentawai) and National park Kerinci Seblat. This last National park its region spread outs in four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra.
Besides both National park referred [as] there [is] still some other preserves, that is Preserve Rimbo Panti, Preserve Lembah Anai, Preserve Batang Palupuh, Preserve Lembah Harau, Raya Garden Bung Hatta, and Preserve Beringin Sakti.
Natural resources
Coal, Iron stone, Galena Stone, Bauxite, Zinc, Manganase, Gold, Limestone (Cement), Oil palm, Fishery, Kakao.
Tribe
Majority of West Sumatra resident is tribe Minangkabau. Tribe first Minangkabau indigenous to two tribes (klan) main that is Koto Piliang that founded Datuak Katumanggungan and Bodi Chaniago that founded Datuak Parpatiah nan Sabatang. Tribe Koto Piliang wears aristocracy system that recognized with term Titiak Dari Ateh (dot from the top (of)) in the style [of] Pagaruyung palace whereas Bodi Chaniago more has the character of democracy that recognized with term Mambasuik Dari Earth (emerge from earth).
This time along era growth, terms is referred [as] also expand become some new tribes. Among others Tanjuang, Chaniago, Koto, Piliang, Jar, Simabur, Sikumbang, Bouquet, Malayu.
In area Pasaman besides tribe Minang populating also tribe Batak Mandailing, like clan Lubis and Nasution. Tribe Mentawai is existed in Kepulauan Mentawai.
Languange
Language as used in keseharian [is] vernacular that is Bahasa Minangkabau that have some dialects, like dialect Bukittinggi, dialect Pariaman, dialect South Pesisir and dialect Payakumbuh. In area Pasaman that abut on north sumatra, dituturkan also Bahasa Batak dialect Mandailing, that usually used tribe Batak Mandailing. Meanwhile in area Mentawai that have the shape of archipelago and located some tenth West Sumatra offshore kilometre, language that used [by] is Bahasa Mentawai.
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Minggu, 03 Agustus 2008
Kamis, 24 Juli 2008
Tribe Banjar
Tribe Banjar
Tribe Banjar is tribe that occupy a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, some of East Kalimantans and some of Kalimantans Tengah especially area plain and downstream part from River basin (DAS) in region is referred [as]. Tribe Banjar indigenous to area Banjar that is nucleus/core region from sultanate Banjar covers DAS Barito downstream part, DAS Bahan (Country), DAS Martapura and DAS Tabanio.
According to Alfani david (1997), tribe Banjar is genuiness [of] tribe a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, unless in Kabupaten Kota Baru.
Tribe Genesis Banjar
Tribe Banjar is anticipated berintikan resident comes [from] Sumatera or vinicity area, that developed new fatherland in this quarter about/around more than a thousand year(s) ago. After elapse a period of old ones very finally,-after mixe with resident that more genuiness, the usual are named as [the] tribe Dayak, and with immigrants that coming belakangan-terbentuklah in any case three subsukus, that is (Banjar) Pahuluan, (Banjar) Bar Banyu, and Banjar (Confluence).
People Pahuluan at its principle [is] resident of dales area river (branch river Negara) that to mountain Meratus, people Batang Banyu inhabit river basin Negara, whereas people Banjar (Confluence) inhabit about/around Banjarmasin (and Martapura).
Language that they develop named language Banjar, which is on its principle is Sumatera Malay [language] or vinicity-, that in it there are a lot of vocabulary come [from] Dayak and come [from] Java.
Name Banjar is obtained/got because they former-before are abolished in 1860-, is sultanate citizen Banjarmasin or shortened Banjar, in accordance with name ibukotanya at beginning forming of. When capital of carried over hinterland direction, last in Martapura, name will likely has been standard or incorruptible next.
Nucleus/core Suku Banjar
According to Alfani david (Islam and Masyarakat Banjar, 1997), tribe nucleus/core Banjar is roof Malay pendatang from Sumatera and its surroundings, whereas according to Idwar Saleh exactly tribe aborigin Dayak (be next mixed political unity form as the same manner as Bangsa Indonesia provided with language Indonesia-nya).
According to Idwar Saleh (In a flash Mengenai Daerah Banjar and Kebudayaan Sungainya To the last 19th-century, 1986): " During we get fourth keraton is cusion in keraton....Here we get not tribe Banjar, because ethnic unity there is no, existing is group or big group that is group Banjar Kuala, group Banjar Batang Banyu and Banjar Pahuluan. [the] first live in area Banjar Kuala up to area Martapura. Second live in as long as river Tabalong from its estuary in river Barito up to Kelua. Third live in foot/feet mountain Meratus from Tanjung till Pelaihari. Group Banjar Kuala indigenous to unity-ethnic Ngaju, group Banjar Batang Banyu indigenous to unity-ethnic Maanyan, group Banjar Pahuluan indigenous to unity-ethnic Bukit. Third this is the its nucleus. They assume more civilized and become criterion with not Banjar, that is group Kaharingan, with people jeer Dusun, people Biaju, Hill etc".
Hereinafter according to Idwar Saleh (paper Perang Banjar 1859-1865, 1991): "When Pangeran Samudera found empire Banjar he/she is helped by people Ngaju, helped patih-patihnya like patih Balandean, Patih Belitung, Patih Kuwin etc and people Bakumpai defeated. As well as resident Daha that defeated a large part of people Bukit and Manyan. This Group is given new religion that is Islam, then swear out stick by king, and as [the] devoted sign wear new mother tongue and leave old mother tongue. Thus people that Banjar not ethnical unity but political unity, like indonesian nation".
Then can be taken conclusion that Suku Banjar is divided 3 subetnises base its teritorial and elementary body [of] that form tribe bases cultural and genetic persfeketif that depict entry of resident pendatang to aborigin region Dayak:
Banjar Pahuluan is Malay mixture and Bukit (Hill as [the] group feature)
Banjar Batangbanyu is Malay mixture, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Maanyan as [the] group feature)
Banjar Kuala is Malay mixture, Ngaju, Barangas, Bakumpai, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Ngaju as [the] group feature)
By take opinion Idwar Saleh about tribe nucleus/core Banjar, then tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Dayak Ngaju/tribe serumpunnya (Group West Barito) that reside in westside Banjarmasin (Tengah Kalimantan) can we assume as a group Banjar Kuala also. Beside north South Kalimantan happens tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Maanyan/tribe serumpunnya (Group East Barito) like Dusun, Lawangan and tribe Pasir in East Kalimantan that also Lawangan, can we assume as a group Banjar Batang Banyu. Tribe Mixing Banjar in south-east Kalimantan that many existed tribe Bukit we assume as Banjar Pahuluan.ontinuation from empire Daha in the form of empire Banjar islam and berpadunya tribe Ngaju, Maanyan and Bukit as [the] nucleus/core. This is resident Banjarmasih when in 1526 founded. In amalgamasi (mixture) new this already mixed Malay elementary body, Java, Ngaju, Maanyan, Hill and tribe small other bound by Islam, Banjar and mores Banjar by existing culture diff
Tribe Banjar is tribe that occupy a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, some of East Kalimantans and some of Kalimantans Tengah especially area plain and downstream part from River basin (DAS) in region is referred [as]. Tribe Banjar indigenous to area Banjar that is nucleus/core region from sultanate Banjar covers DAS Barito downstream part, DAS Bahan (Country), DAS Martapura and DAS Tabanio.
According to Alfani david (1997), tribe Banjar is genuiness [of] tribe a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, unless in Kabupaten Kota Baru.
Tribe Genesis Banjar
Tribe Banjar is anticipated berintikan resident comes [from] Sumatera or vinicity area, that developed new fatherland in this quarter about/around more than a thousand year(s) ago. After elapse a period of old ones very finally,-after mixe with resident that more genuiness, the usual are named as [the] tribe Dayak, and with immigrants that coming belakangan-terbentuklah in any case three subsukus, that is (Banjar) Pahuluan, (Banjar) Bar Banyu, and Banjar (Confluence).
People Pahuluan at its principle [is] resident of dales area river (branch river Negara) that to mountain Meratus, people Batang Banyu inhabit river basin Negara, whereas people Banjar (Confluence) inhabit about/around Banjarmasin (and Martapura).
Language that they develop named language Banjar, which is on its principle is Sumatera Malay [language] or vinicity-, that in it there are a lot of vocabulary come [from] Dayak and come [from] Java.
Name Banjar is obtained/got because they former-before are abolished in 1860-, is sultanate citizen Banjarmasin or shortened Banjar, in accordance with name ibukotanya at beginning forming of. When capital of carried over hinterland direction, last in Martapura, name will likely has been standard or incorruptible next.
Nucleus/core Suku Banjar
According to Alfani david (Islam and Masyarakat Banjar, 1997), tribe nucleus/core Banjar is roof Malay pendatang from Sumatera and its surroundings, whereas according to Idwar Saleh exactly tribe aborigin Dayak (be next mixed political unity form as the same manner as Bangsa Indonesia provided with language Indonesia-nya).
According to Idwar Saleh (In a flash Mengenai Daerah Banjar and Kebudayaan Sungainya To the last 19th-century, 1986): " During we get fourth keraton is cusion in keraton....Here we get not tribe Banjar, because ethnic unity there is no, existing is group or big group that is group Banjar Kuala, group Banjar Batang Banyu and Banjar Pahuluan. [the] first live in area Banjar Kuala up to area Martapura. Second live in as long as river Tabalong from its estuary in river Barito up to Kelua. Third live in foot/feet mountain Meratus from Tanjung till Pelaihari. Group Banjar Kuala indigenous to unity-ethnic Ngaju, group Banjar Batang Banyu indigenous to unity-ethnic Maanyan, group Banjar Pahuluan indigenous to unity-ethnic Bukit. Third this is the its nucleus. They assume more civilized and become criterion with not Banjar, that is group Kaharingan, with people jeer Dusun, people Biaju, Hill etc".
Hereinafter according to Idwar Saleh (paper Perang Banjar 1859-1865, 1991): "When Pangeran Samudera found empire Banjar he/she is helped by people Ngaju, helped patih-patihnya like patih Balandean, Patih Belitung, Patih Kuwin etc and people Bakumpai defeated. As well as resident Daha that defeated a large part of people Bukit and Manyan. This Group is given new religion that is Islam, then swear out stick by king, and as [the] devoted sign wear new mother tongue and leave old mother tongue. Thus people that Banjar not ethnical unity but political unity, like indonesian nation".
Then can be taken conclusion that Suku Banjar is divided 3 subetnises base its teritorial and elementary body [of] that form tribe bases cultural and genetic persfeketif that depict entry of resident pendatang to aborigin region Dayak:
Banjar Pahuluan is Malay mixture and Bukit (Hill as [the] group feature)
Banjar Batangbanyu is Malay mixture, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Maanyan as [the] group feature)
Banjar Kuala is Malay mixture, Ngaju, Barangas, Bakumpai, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Ngaju as [the] group feature)
By take opinion Idwar Saleh about tribe nucleus/core Banjar, then tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Dayak Ngaju/tribe serumpunnya (Group West Barito) that reside in westside Banjarmasin (Tengah Kalimantan) can we assume as a group Banjar Kuala also. Beside north South Kalimantan happens tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Maanyan/tribe serumpunnya (Group East Barito) like Dusun, Lawangan and tribe Pasir in East Kalimantan that also Lawangan, can we assume as a group Banjar Batang Banyu. Tribe Mixing Banjar in south-east Kalimantan that many existed tribe Bukit we assume as Banjar Pahuluan.ontinuation from empire Daha in the form of empire Banjar islam and berpadunya tribe Ngaju, Maanyan and Bukit as [the] nucleus/core. This is resident Banjarmasih when in 1526 founded. In amalgamasi (mixture) new this already mixed Malay elementary body, Java, Ngaju, Maanyan, Hill and tribe small other bound by Islam, Banjar and mores Banjar by existing culture diff
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