Batak Tradition

At tribe society Batak, cycle of someone life from born later, adult, till die, pass by some a period of and event lionized. Hence at moments or event important referred [as] must conducted traditional ceremonys, trust and religion. Ceremonys is referred [as] for example ceremony downwards take a baths, name gift/giving, get a haircut etc at childhood, ceremony sharpens tooth, marriage ceremony, last offices and others. Among society Batak are recognized ceremony feeds delicious to old fellow that has been advantage in years but has been healthy, its target to spark into life in order to longevity and remain to be healthy. Also to ill old fellow for the purpose of to recover [again]. This Ceremony is called “sulang-sulang”.
Though now a large part of residents have embraced Islam or Christian, but old trust that have the character of animistic has been seen in ceremonys conducted. For example ceremony calls ancestor soul to family house that above the ground by the instrumentality of Sibaso or woman shaman. Sibaso later will soul entrance, until every its utterance assumed ancestor words that die. In area Batak Toba this ceremony is called “Sigale-gale”.
Tradition House Siwaluh Jabu, tradition house Batak Karo. This House beamed high and one house usually dwelt to the one big family that consist of 4 till 8 families Batak. Within doors nothing blockade one free room. Nevertheless immanent room division, namely limited by strong mores lines, even that line unseen. Each room have name and who did must occupy room is referred [as], has been determined also by tradition. Siwaluh jabu indoor room Sequence shall be as follows :
Jabu bena wood that is room in front of left side, inhabited by clan party land/ground and kampong founder. He/she is pengulu or house leader is referred [as]. Jabu [in] one kitchen bena wood that is room next that one with jabu bena wood, also named Sinenggel-ninggel. This Room is inhabited by Senina namely its brother who acts as proxy of house leader referred [as]. Sedapat that means one kitchen, because setaip 2 rooms then in front its existed kitchen that weared for 2 families.
Jabu the end of wood, named Jabu Sungkun Berita, inhabited by child Beru Toa, commisioned solve every arising out problem.
Jabu [in] one kitchen [of] the end of wood that is room [in] one kitchen with jabu the end of wood, named Jabu Silengguri. This Jabu are inhabited by child beru from jabu Sungkun Berita.
Jabu lepan bena wood, namely room that located ferry with jabu bena wood, named jabu simengaloken are inhabited by Biak Senina.
Jabu [in] one kitchen lepan bena wood that is room that [in] one kitchen with jabu lepan bena wood, inhabited by Senina Sepemeren or Separiban.
Jabu lepan the end of wood, inhabited by Kalimbuh that is the party of girl giver, this room is called Jabu Silayari.
Jabu [in] one kitchen lepan the end of wood that is room that [in] one kitchen with jabu lepan the end of wood. This Room is inhabited by Jabu Simalungun drink, inhabited by Puang Kalimbuh that is Kalimbuh from jabu silayari. Position this Kalimbuh are enough respected didalam tradition.
Generally at any given this tradition house is existed four kitchen units that each of them used by two families, that is by adjacent jabu-jabu. Every kitchen consist of five stone units that put down as [the] stove in form of two triangles leave for back. Triangle is referred [as] symbolise rukuh sitelu or singkep sitelu that is strap between three family groups. Kalimbuhu, senina and child beru or Sebayak.
House Wall is made heel, and window that located in to the circumference log. Triangular house Roof and level three, also melembangkan rukut-sitelu. In each top and existed head kerbau that symbolise prosperity for family that inhabit it. Roof Boundary around house in all the same direction, depict that unmate have feeling in the same boat sepenanggungan. Triangular roof Part is made of bamboo matting is called lambe-lambe. Usually at lambe-lambe portrayed maker device from characteristic of pawnbroker referred [as], with traditional colour red, white and black. Other Decoration is at entrance cushion. Usually dotted with egg engraving and arrow. Strings penginkat oblique wall is called string ret-ret, made of fibre of palmtree or cane. This Strap pattern form like house lizard that have 2 heads each other leave for back, that is to say [is] house lizard dikiaskan as [the] house custodian, and 2 heads each other leave for back symbolises all unmates have role in common and each other respect.
Tradition House Siwaluh jabu that always with anomalous ladder-step amount, dwelt by family where sleep children with its old fellow till have an age 14 years olds. For adult boy or sleep bachelor in other place so-called Jambur, also men guest. Jambur actually paddy mow that utilized to sleep, and rest [of] womans and men.
Tradition House Batak Toba so-called Rumah Bolon, in form of foursquare length and sometime dwelt by 5 till 6 families batih. To enter house must take a rides doorstep that located in house midst, with anomalous ladder-step amount. If people will enter Batak house Toba must take a bow in order not to collided at athwart log, this condition are interpreted guest must respects the pawnbroker. House Floor sometime till 1,75 metres on the ground, and underside is utilized for pigsty, chicken, etc. Former entrance have 2 kinds of door, that is horizontal and vertical door, but now cast off and horizontal door.
Indoor Room tradition is room is opened without rooms, although populating disitu family more than one, but is not mean there is no room division, because indoor this tradition room division is limited by tradition those in strong. Room rear angle;corner right side called jabu bong, that occupied by house head or por jabu bong, with wife and children that still small. This Room former assumed most keramat. In left angle;corner deals with Jabu bong is called Jabu Soding is destined for daughter that has married but has not yet had house by it self. In left angle;corner front is called Jabu Suhat, for eldest boy that has married and in seberangnya is called Tampar Piring is destined for guest.
If big family then performed place among 2 rooms or jabu that berdempetan, until room increases 2 next and this room is called Jabu Tonga-ronga ni jabu hue. Every family have kitchen by it self that located in house back, have the shape of outbuilding. Among 2 room consecutions namely medial house is neutral area so-called lake and as [the] place. Other Building that look like house is sapo namely like house that indigenous to depositary mow, then inhabited. Its difference with house is : Two floors Dopo, only will have a line front pillars and room are under opened without wall for deliberation, accept foreigner and music playground. At frontage of tradition house existed trappings with geographical line motif and spiral and decoration [of] have the shape of woman milk so-called adep-adep. This Decoration symbolises source of life fertility and unity device.
House all the much its decoration is called Gorga. Other Decoration fern is called nipahu, and thorny cane is called mardusi that located in wall to the entrance.
At house angle;corners existed decoration Gajah rears, animal face, have intention as [the] army repellent. Also decoration house lizard animal, head slated for lion refuses danger like philtra from outside. This Decoration there is that have the shape of engraving then given colour, there is also that have the shape of picture [only]. Colour that used [by] always black, white and red.
All above mentioned tradition houses its materials from wood good to pillar, floor and house framework [the] following door and window, whereas house roof is made of zinc. In north sumatra bridge, tradition houses that presented experience of a few/little differences with tradition house that genuiness in its area. This condition are adapted for usefulness from mere practicability, for example house pillars that ought to from wood, many changed with concrete pile. later, room function beside for important office room is to showroom of culture objects and mores demonstration from eight tribe clans in north sumatra. Objects is referred [as] cover traditional music tools, kitchenware, war material, agricultural equipment, related to tools mystique, some all kitchen examples have the character of traditional. Whereas mores demonstration and history are portrayed in the form of diorama, some clotheses pengantin and tradition clothes etc.

Sumatera barat

Geography
West Sumatra resides in west middle island Sumatera broadly 42.297,30 kms² . This Province haves lowland on shore west, and plateau vulkanik that formed Mountain range that spread out northwesterly to south-east. Archipelago Mentawai that located in indian ocean included in this province. Coastline of entirely West Sumatra comes into contact with indian ocean as long as 375 kms.
Lake that reside in West Sumatra is Maninjau (99,5 kms²), Singkarak (130,1 kms²), Above (31,5 kms²), Dibawah (Dibaruh) (14,0 kms²), Roof-gutter (5,0 kms²)
Some great rivers in island Sumatera in this province, that is Sungai Siak, River Rokan, River Inderagiri (conceived of Batang Kuantan in its pate;upstream part), River Kampar and Batang Hari. All this rivers on shore east Sumatera, in province Riau and Jambi.
That on shore west. Among others is Batang Anai, Bar Arau, and Batang Tarusan.
In West Sumatra is Marapi (2.891 m), Sago (2.271 m), Singgalang (2.877 m), Tandikat (2.438 m), Talakmau (2.912 m), Roof-gutter (2.572 m).
Variety involves
West Sumatra is one of province in rich Indonesia with variety source involve. A large part of regions its still is forest experiences of and protected.
In tropical forest in West Sumatra can be met various of rareness specieses, for example: Rafflesia arnoldii (biggest flower in the world), Tiger Sumatra, ape, tapir, deer, bear, and kinds of bird and butterfly.
There is two National parks in this province: National park Siberut that existed in Pulau Siberut (Sub-province Mentawai) and National park Kerinci Seblat. This last National park its region spread outs in four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra.
Besides both National park referred [as] there [is] still some other preserves, that is Preserve Rimbo Panti, Preserve Lembah Anai, Preserve Batang Palupuh, Preserve Lembah Harau, Raya Garden Bung Hatta, and Preserve Beringin Sakti.
Natural resources
Coal, Iron stone, Galena Stone, Bauxite, Zinc, Manganase, Gold, Limestone (Cement), Oil palm, Fishery, Kakao.
Tribe
Majority of West Sumatra resident is tribe Minangkabau. Tribe first Minangkabau indigenous to two tribes (klan) main that is Koto Piliang that founded Datuak Katumanggungan and Bodi Chaniago that founded Datuak Parpatiah nan Sabatang. Tribe Koto Piliang wears aristocracy system that recognized with term Titiak Dari Ateh (dot from the top (of)) in the style [of] Pagaruyung palace whereas Bodi Chaniago more has the character of democracy that recognized with term Mambasuik Dari Earth (emerge from earth).
This time along era growth, terms is referred [as] also expand become some new tribes. Among others Tanjuang, Chaniago, Koto, Piliang, Jar, Simabur, Sikumbang, Bouquet, Malayu.
In area Pasaman besides tribe Minang populating also tribe Batak Mandailing, like clan Lubis and Nasution. Tribe Mentawai is existed in Kepulauan Mentawai.
Languange
Language as used in keseharian [is] vernacular that is Bahasa Minangkabau that have some dialects, like dialect Bukittinggi, dialect Pariaman, dialect South Pesisir and dialect Payakumbuh. In area Pasaman that abut on north sumatra, dituturkan also Bahasa Batak dialect Mandailing, that usually used tribe Batak Mandailing. Meanwhile in area Mentawai that have the shape of archipelago and located some tenth West Sumatra offshore kilometre, language that used [by] is Bahasa Mentawai.

Tribe Banjar

Tribe Banjar
Tribe Banjar is tribe that occupy a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, some of East Kalimantans and some of Kalimantans Tengah especially area plain and downstream part from River basin (DAS) in region is referred [as]. Tribe Banjar indigenous to area Banjar that is nucleus/core region from sultanate Banjar covers DAS Barito downstream part, DAS Bahan (Country), DAS Martapura and DAS Tabanio.
According to Alfani david (1997), tribe Banjar is genuiness [of] tribe a large part of regions Provinsi South Kalimantan, unless in Kabupaten Kota Baru.
Tribe Genesis Banjar
Tribe Banjar is anticipated berintikan resident comes [from] Sumatera or vinicity area, that developed new fatherland in this quarter about/around more than a thousand year(s) ago. After elapse a period of old ones very finally,-after mixe with resident that more genuiness, the usual are named as [the] tribe Dayak, and with immigrants that coming belakangan-terbentuklah in any case three subsukus, that is (Banjar) Pahuluan, (Banjar) Bar Banyu, and Banjar (Confluence).
People Pahuluan at its principle [is] resident of dales area river (branch river Negara) that to mountain Meratus, people Batang Banyu inhabit river basin Negara, whereas people Banjar (Confluence) inhabit about/around Banjarmasin (and Martapura).
Language that they develop named language Banjar, which is on its principle is Sumatera Malay [language] or vinicity-, that in it there are a lot of vocabulary come [from] Dayak and come [from] Java.
Name Banjar is obtained/got because they former-before are abolished in 1860-, is sultanate citizen Banjarmasin or shortened Banjar, in accordance with name ibukotanya at beginning forming of. When capital of carried over hinterland direction, last in Martapura, name will likely has been standard or incorruptible next.
Nucleus/core Suku Banjar
According to Alfani david (Islam and Masyarakat Banjar, 1997), tribe nucleus/core Banjar is roof Malay pendatang from Sumatera and its surroundings, whereas according to Idwar Saleh exactly tribe aborigin Dayak (be next mixed political unity form as the same manner as Bangsa Indonesia provided with language Indonesia-nya).
According to Idwar Saleh (In a flash Mengenai Daerah Banjar and Kebudayaan Sungainya To the last 19th-century, 1986): " During we get fourth keraton is cusion in keraton....Here we get not tribe Banjar, because ethnic unity there is no, existing is group or big group that is group Banjar Kuala, group Banjar Batang Banyu and Banjar Pahuluan. [the] first live in area Banjar Kuala up to area Martapura. Second live in as long as river Tabalong from its estuary in river Barito up to Kelua. Third live in foot/feet mountain Meratus from Tanjung till Pelaihari. Group Banjar Kuala indigenous to unity-ethnic Ngaju, group Banjar Batang Banyu indigenous to unity-ethnic Maanyan, group Banjar Pahuluan indigenous to unity-ethnic Bukit. Third this is the its nucleus. They assume more civilized and become criterion with not Banjar, that is group Kaharingan, with people jeer Dusun, people Biaju, Hill etc".
Hereinafter according to Idwar Saleh (paper Perang Banjar 1859-1865, 1991): "When Pangeran Samudera found empire Banjar he/she is helped by people Ngaju, helped patih-patihnya like patih Balandean, Patih Belitung, Patih Kuwin etc and people Bakumpai defeated. As well as resident Daha that defeated a large part of people Bukit and Manyan. This Group is given new religion that is Islam, then swear out stick by king, and as [the] devoted sign wear new mother tongue and leave old mother tongue. Thus people that Banjar not ethnical unity but political unity, like indonesian nation".
Then can be taken conclusion that Suku Banjar is divided 3 subetnises base its teritorial and elementary body [of] that form tribe bases cultural and genetic persfeketif that depict entry of resident pendatang to aborigin region Dayak:
Banjar Pahuluan is Malay mixture and Bukit (Hill as [the] group feature)
Banjar Batangbanyu is Malay mixture, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Maanyan as [the] group feature)
Banjar Kuala is Malay mixture, Ngaju, Barangas, Bakumpai, Maanyan, Lawangan, Hill and Java (Ngaju as [the] group feature)
By take opinion Idwar Saleh about tribe nucleus/core Banjar, then tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Dayak Ngaju/tribe serumpunnya (Group West Barito) that reside in westside Banjarmasin (Tengah Kalimantan) can we assume as a group Banjar Kuala also. Beside north South Kalimantan happens tribe mixing Banjar with tribe Maanyan/tribe serumpunnya (Group East Barito) like Dusun, Lawangan and tribe Pasir in East Kalimantan that also Lawangan, can we assume as a group Banjar Batang Banyu. Tribe Mixing Banjar in south-east Kalimantan that many existed tribe Bukit we assume as Banjar Pahuluan.ontinuation from empire Daha in the form of empire Banjar islam and berpadunya tribe Ngaju, Maanyan and Bukit as [the] nucleus/core. This is resident Banjarmasih when in 1526 founded. In amalgamasi (mixture) new this already mixed Malay elementary body, Java, Ngaju, Maanyan, Hill and tribe small other bound by Islam, Banjar and mores Banjar by existing culture diff